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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

沈阳市确保广大困难群众温暖过冬、温馨过节******

　　1月10日，沈阳市政府新闻办召开的发布会现场。　沈阳市委宣传部供图

　　中新网沈阳1月10日电 (李晛)沈阳市民政局副局长马丽梅10日在沈阳市政府新闻办召开的发布会上表示，在2023年两节期间，全市民政部门将紧紧围绕民政为民、民政爱民的工作宗旨，惠民生、解民忧、暖民心，切实解决好困难群众急难愁盼问题，确保广大困难群众温暖过冬、温馨过节。

　　在发放“两节”救助金上，沈阳市、区两级财政继续拨付专项经费，由各区、县(市)民政部门通过社会化发放方式，为全市低保家庭、低保边缘家庭、特困供养人员、孤儿和事实无人抚养儿童发放“两节”救助金，其中低保家庭每户600元、特困供养人员和孤儿每人600元，低保边缘家庭每户360元。全市共计为城乡困难群体发放“两节”救助金3360余万元，将在1月15日前陆续发放到位。

　　在发放各类救助物资上，今年为全市城乡低保家庭、低保边缘家庭、特困供养人员、孤儿和事实无人抚养儿童准备了5.6万份“暖心包”，包括了米、面、油、鸡蛋、牛奶、春联等8类物资；为城乡低保家庭、低保边缘家庭、特困供养人员、孤儿和事实无人抚养儿童、残疾人、60岁以上老年人、计划生育家庭特扶人员、农业农村局监测人口准备了210万份“健康防疫包”，包括了口罩、应急药品、消毒湿巾等6类物资。目前各区、县(市)正在有序组织发放，分期分批发放到位。

　　在精准强化临时救助上，各级民政部门加强对失业人员、灵活就业人员、低保边缘人口及防止返贫监测对象的走访摸排，全面落实由急难发生地直接实施临时救助的政策规定。春节期间，市民如因重病、火灾、交通事故等突发事件造成临时生活困难的，可以立即向当地街道、乡镇民政部门申请，各级民政部门均设有24小时值班人员为民众解困。

　　同时，春节期间，沈阳市民政局将指导各救助管理机构进一步扩大街面巡查范围，增加巡查频次，加大救助力度，劝导流浪乞讨人员回到家中或入站接受救助。对于确实不愿回家、不愿入站的流浪乞讨人员，及时为他们送去御寒衣物、被褥和食品，确保不发生冲击社会道德底线的事件；开展“情暖新春共护未来”困境儿童关爱服务活动，帮助儿童平安度假、健康过节；持续开展“守护夕阳，温情探访”专项行动，确保春节前对特殊老年人探访率达到100%。

　　此外，沈阳市开展“亲情解忧暖心”专项行动，全市民政干部走出办公室，走进困难家庭，现已累计走访慰问低保家庭33605户47466人，分散供养特困人员6324户6621人。走访中，民政部门投入救助慰问款物5.58万元，发放健康包30234份，帮助11501户解决困难问题11517个。据悉，民政部门还将开展慈善志愿帮扶专项行动，开展千名特殊人群帮扶活动等。(完)

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）